Oleiros de Vila Franca
“A cerâmica deve ter nascido naquele incerto dia em que o primeiro homem, fugindo á ingrata manipulação da pedra e da madeira, teve a intuição de colher o lodo de argila e de o moldar, nas mãos ainda desajeitadas, reproduzindo e estilizando grosseiramente modelos que o rodeavam, para obter os toscos objectos indispensáveis ás cerimónias do culto religioso e á satisfação das suas necessidades materiais e domésticas.
E porque a irresístivel atracção de dar regalo aos olhos, atestada em todo o produto humano, no mais insignificante e no do vulto máximo, que acrescenta o inútil ao necessário para aí ressaltar uma nota decorativa, porque essa invencível tendência, em que consiste, afinal, a essência de toda a definição de Arte, é inata no homem e nele contemporânea da misteriosa idade dos dolmens, do sombrio tempo das cavernas e da desolada época das cidades lacustres - sucedeu que os utensílios de barro depressa melhoraram na forma e na substânçia, não tardaram a adquirir ornamentação e beleza.
A plasticidade da matéria, oferecendo-se generosamente á liberdade dos caprichos de modelação, deu á cerâmica primitiva certa nobreza estética, que ascendeu a radiosa floresçência, quando surgiu o torno a conceder a regularidade da circunferência e a elegância da linha curva, a gerar as concepções egípcias severas e maciças, mas, correctas e perfeitas, a maravilha das ânforas gregas e dos vasos etruscos, o prodígio de graça das figurinha da tánagra, o assombro das porcelanas asiáticas...
Mas, a louça de barro poroso, sem atavios de pintura, sem a translucidez das porcelanas heráldicas, sem o brilho luzente das fianças brasonadas, a louça bruta, pouco menos que pré-histórica, essa, ainda existe, a marcar uma fase recuada da evolução da cerâmica, resignada na sua condição plebéia, sob o aspecto de uma indústria pobrezinha e humilde. Herdaram-na e mantém-na através das gerações, os oleiros de Vila Franca.
O oleiro de Vila Franca, ainda hoje, em pleno triunfo da mecânica e da electricidade, trabalha ao torno primitivo dos seus avós da Antiguidade- uma grande roda horizontal a que o pé, com impulsos rítmicos, imprime um movimento de rotação, que por um eixo vertical, é transmitido a uma outra placa circular de menores dimensões e também horizontal - a cabeça. Além do torno, um curto fio de arame, uma farpa de cana e as mãos - mãos criadoras, mãos de Prometeu- das quais sai animado de um fluido vital, o barro amorfo e indiferente.
O bloco pousa na cabeça onde entra no rodopiar incessante que lhe leva a contínua rotação do torno e aí começa por ser duramente castigado, para submeter-se ao primeiro esforço de domesticação que lhe limpa as arestas e lhe rouba os ângulos. Depois, os dedos recurvados penetram-lhe rudemente, abrem-lhe uma cavidade, rasgando-lhes as entranhas numa agressão impiedosa.
Mas, não tarda que a dura violência se transforme em afagos de branda carícia; as mãos passam e repassam amorosamente, amaciam e acalentam: e começa a adivinhar-se a curva que dá a graça, começa a apresentar-se o abaulamento do ventre anunciando a maternidade...
Agora,a farpa da cana, suavemente encostada á superfície, acaba a sua regularização, comendo as arestas, desfazendo os relevos da impressão dos dedos - e finalmente, - as mão fazem o gesto de que vai estrangular e estreitam um colo. Daí a pouco, num milagre de criação, ostentando uma harmonia admirável surge a jarra esbelta e garrida, ou assoma o pucarinho modesto cantando pelo Poeta naqueles versos que começam assim:
O pucarinho de barro
Chegado da olaria
Ao tê-lo em casa é bem certo
Que bebemos água fria.
O fio de arame, passando entre a estreita base e a cabeça do torno, corta o cordão umbilical que ainda os liga ao mistério onde receberam a vida. Resta a por-lhes as asas ao jeito de lindos braços femininos, graciosamente apoiados a ancas boleadas....
Mas, filhos do homem, nascendo sujeitos á lei implacável do pecado original a jarra ou o púcaro, têm de sofrer a forçosa purificação - e dão-lhe a purificação na fogueira. Vestem-lhes o sãobenito pintando-os de vermelho e leva-os ao forno- auto de fé redentor- onde o fogo lhes enrijará a têmpera com que hão-de suportar as longas caminhadas pelas estradas da Ilha inteira, ao som daquele grito plangente que apregoa a louça da Vila ás aldeias adormecidas nos vales..."
DR. Augusto Simas
O AUTONÓMICO ANO XXXI 18-10-1928 Nº 1 366
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